Golfer’s Elbow (Medial Epicondylitis)
Golfer’s elbow is a tendinopathy affecting the common flexor origin — the attachment point of the forearm flexor muscles on the inside of the elbow. Like its counterpart tennis elbow, it affects far more than just golfers: tradies, climbers, gym enthusiasts and office workers are commonly affected.
What Causes It?
- Repetitive gripping and forearm flexion (tool use, carrying, throwing)
- Suddenly increasing activity volume — starting a new sport or gym program
- Poor technique in throwing, golf swing or racquet sport
- Prolonged heavy use without adequate recovery
The term “epicondylitis” is a misnomer — the primary problem is tendon degeneration (tendinopathy), not inflammation.
Symptoms
- Pain and tenderness on the inner side of the elbow
- Pain that worsens with gripping, shaking hands or flexing the wrist
- Weakness when gripping objects
- Forearm tightness and stiffness, especially in the morning
- Occasionally, tingling into the ring and little finger (if the ulnar nerve is also irritated)
Treatment
Exercise Therapy — The Cornerstone
Progressive tendon loading is the most effective treatment. We prescribe a structured eccentric and isometric strengthening program for the wrist flexors and forearm pronators, progressing load based on your tolerance and function.
Manual Therapy
- Elbow and wrist joint mobilisation
- Soft tissue release of the forearm flexors
- Neural mobilisation if ulnar nerve irritation is present
- Cervical and thoracic spine assessment (referred symptoms are common)
Additional Techniques
- Dry needling to reduce trigger point activity
- Taping to offload the tendon during activity
- Counterforce bracing
Activity Modification
Temporary reduction of aggravating activities combined with ergonomic changes (grip size, tool weight, technique) can dramatically speed recovery without requiring complete rest.
